WATCH: China’s Infamous Gaokao Exam, Explained

Another year, another intense exam season for high school seniors in China.


The annual ‘gaokao,’ China’s National College Entrance Examination (NCEE), is drawing near on June 7 and 8, and as always, onlookers are tuning in to see what twists and turns may appear.


The gaokao is a hot topic each year, and not just for the teens who are taking it. This time around, a short documentary explores individual stories occurring inside the hyper-competitive exam.

The doc was produced by the 1990 Institute, a San Francisco-based non-profit that champions fair and equal treatment for Asian Americans, and advocates for mutual understanding between the U.S. and China. It features interviews with three high school students, all from different cities and with varying academic backgrounds, as they approach the gaokao exam.


“Getting into college is a stressful experience for high school students with big aspirations,” 1990 Institute Board Chair Grace Yu told RADII. “This is a shared experience or rite of passage for youth both in China and the U.S.”


China’s gaokao is similar to the SAT in the U.S., or the A-level test in the U.K. However, with over 12 million test-takers in 2022, the competition is significantly higher.


Even so, there are second chances. Students who fall short of their goals have the option to retake the exam the following year, either repeating their final year of high school or attending specialized test preparation schools. One infamous example is Maotanchang, a city that’s become a “factory” for gaokao test-prep.

For students in China, this is par for the course.


“A college education can be almost a complete guarantee of upward social and economic mobility in China,” said Yu. “It’s different than in the U.S., where there are still many paths one can follow to achieve success.”.


Cover image via 1990 Institute

‘Dopamine Dressing’ is Taking Off in China

A breakout fashion trend in 2022, ‘dopamine dressing’ took a while to land in China. Now though, it’s here in no uncertain terms.


The style is characterized by vibrant colors, intricate patterns, and exaggerated silhouettes, all with the intention of boosting moods and raising dopamine levels.


dopamine dressing


The trend is believed to have first caught on among dopamine-deprived university students in China. From there, the trend started to pick up mainstream popularity, after fashion bloggers, celebrities, and even state-owned media outlets all modeled their own ‘dopamine dressing’ looks.


dopamine dressing

Chinese singer Summer Momoko wearing a ‘dopamine dressing’ look. Image via Weibo


People joined in across the internet, sharing their own dopamine outfits on social media platforms Weibo and Xiaohongshu. The Weibo hashtag for ‘my dopamine dressing’ has racked up over 30 million views; on Xiaohongshu, it’s over 120 million.


dopamine dressing

dopamine dressing


With summer approaching, some people are turning to vibrant clothing as a way to balance out a more rigid work life. Netizens described the style as both “healing” and a “mood enhancer.”


“Colorful, floral attire should dominate the summer! Dopamine dressing genuinely brings about a delightful mood,” reads a Xiaohongshu post.


Another shared on Weibo, “I was a dopamine girl growing up, pink is my favorite color!”


All images via Xiaohongshu unless stated otherwise

Disney’s ‘American Born Chinese’ Struggles to Find Footing in China

Disney’s TV adaptation of American Born Chinese is one of the most anticipated Asian-American projects to hit screens in 2023. While US audiences are loving the show, Chinese viewers aren’t quite feeling it.


The series is based on the graphic novel by Gene Luen Yang, a coming-of-age tale which follows Chinese-American teenager Jin Wang, as he grapples with his cultural identity and sense of self. The story draws on elements from the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West.


With a star-studded cast including Academy Award winners Michelle Yeoh and Ke Huy Quan, the show was warmly received in the US, where it earned a 95% score on Rotten Tomatoes, and was even screened at the White House.


American Born Chinese

Yeoh plays the mystical Guanyin who is embroiled in a battle against the Monkey King. Image via IMDb


However, Chinese audiences are feeling lukewarm about the show, which currently sits at a rating of 5.7 stars on Douban, China’s biggest platform for movie reviews. Comments on the film’s page take issue with poorly translated Chinese, the show’s plot, and the way it handles elements from Journey to the West.


“It’s not that Disney isn’t allowed to shoot an adaptation of Journey to the West,” commented one user. “I just hate that things are always interpreted from a Western perspective. They can show the surface level of the story, but not the inside.”


“Panda Express,” reads another succinct, highly-upvoted comment.


This is not the first time that Chinese and diasporic audiences have clashed over depictions of Chinese culture on screen. Crazy Rich Asians, for example, was similarly criticized for depicting an ‘inaccurate’ and ‘Americanized’ version of Chinese culture.

Ultimately, the lack of enthusiasm toward American Born Chinese boils down to a cultural disconnect. Some reviewers even came to the show’s defense, citing their own feelings of insecurity and isolation when studying abroad – something that most people in China have not experienced.


This doesn’t mean that diasporic stories can’t do well in China. Earlier this year, for example, the A24-produced Netflix series Beef reached a surprisingly wide Chinese audience, with a storyline that explored themes of Asian-American rage.


Cover image via IMDb

Why is ‘White People Food’ Trending in China?

Recently, China’s internet has been buzzing with a new trend — so-called ‘White People Food.’


Simple prepped lunches, inspired by the perception of lunches at offices and schools in the US and Europe, have suddenly started to make waves.


Results, however, may vary.


lunch box

A typical White People Food lunch box prepared by an office worker. Image via Xiaohongshu


The term was first coined by Chinese international students studying overseas, who were bewildered by the unconventional lunches they saw their classmates eating. These lunches sometimes consisted of plain vegetables, like green beans, carrots, baby spinach, and celery, or other items like slices of bread and boiled eggs.


One famous clip showed a woman on a train in Switzerland, wrapping pieces of ham in lettuce and dipping them in mustard.


These meals seemed absurd to Chinese onlookers. Little did they know, the trend was poised to catch on in their home country, with a fanbase of defeated-feeling office workers.


meal prep

A Chinese netizen in Denmark posting an image of her Danish colleague’s lunch. Image via Xiaohongshu


The appeal of White People Food lies in its simplicity, in a work culture that’s increasingly embracing an attitude of doing the bare minimum.


Instead of spending hours cooking the night before, tired office workers are taking inspiration from these kinds of meals, packing carrots, cucumbers, and raw bell peppers in their lunch boxes. They’re replacing flavorful dishes with unassuming breads and raw vegetables, and finding an unexpected satisfaction in the seemingly bland fare.


It’s a big change for officer workers in China, where cuisine is usually elaborate, sprawlingly diverse, and packed with flavor. But it turns out that a minimalist approach to lunch has its own perks.


bell pepper

Taking the concept of a simple lunch to a new level. Image via Xiaohongshu


For one, these lunches align well with weight-loss goals, as the ingredients in these meals are often low in calories.


There’s also the convenience factor, for people who want to quickly throw together a wrap or a sandwich rather than spend precious time cooking.


But perhaps the most surprising benefit of “White People Food” is its ability to keep you focused throughout the day. Unlike traditional Chinese food, whose carbs and proteins can sometimes induce drowsiness, this vegetable-heavy meal can help you stay awake and alert.


“The key is to put it all in a sandwich bag in under five minutes, without turning on the stove,” reads one report.


light lunch


Of course, not everyone is on board with the trend, and some people couldn’t bear the thought of foregoing flavor and variety. But others found a strange sense of comfort in the blandness of these meals, calling it a reflection of their work experience, and a reminder that the office isn’t a place for enjoying life.


China is notorious for its increasingly “involuted” work culture. Many entry-level employees in China are working the 996 schedule, and are simply too busy to prepare meals. At the same time, ordering takeout every day can get pricy.


These are the circumstance that have led to the glorious rise of White People Food.


The craze around simple lunch boxes can also be traced back to the larger “lying flat” and “let it rot” trends, where young people are choosing to do the bare minimum at work, embracing undesirable situations rather than trying to change them.


White People Food may fade as a fad, but the new generation of China’s workforce does not look ready to reverse its sustained, low-energy rebellion against an increasingly exploitive work culture.


RADII believes in the importance of transparency in our changing world. AI-powered tools were used by our editors in the research or production of this post. All content is composed, fact-checked, and edited by our in-house editorial staff.


Images via Xiaohongshu

Blackpink Faces China Backlash Over ‘Macanese Blinks’ Incident

On May 23, K-pop supergroup Blackpink attempted to express a positive message of gratitude toward fans in Macau, following a successful stretch of their ‘Born Pink’ world tour.


Unfortunately, the message was not received positively. Backlash started to bubble out when social media users on Weibo noticed that Blackpink had used the phrase ‘Macanese Blinks.’


blackpink macau

Image via Weibo


‘Blink’ is the official name for fans of Blackpink, but it was the word ‘Macanese’ that riled up Chinese fans.


For those unfamiliar, Macau has been a special administrative region of China since 1999. Meanwhile, Macanese people are an East Asian ethnic group primarily of mixed European (often Portuguese) and Asian (usually Chinese) heritage, with origins dating back to the 16th century in Macau.


It gets tricky because the Cantonese version of ‘Macanese’ really just means ‘someone who lives in Macau.’ That same definition is commonly used in casual English conversation — there was even an attempt by the Portuguese Macau government to redefine the term, making it a blanket term for any permanent resident of Macau.


The attempt was, however, unsuccessful, and the official definition of the word still refers to a distinctive minority culture that makes up about 1% of Macau’s population.

Blackpink’s Weibo post was quickly flooded with angry comments. Netizens questioned the use of ‘Macanese’ instead of ‘Chinese’ and suggested that it undermined Macau’s status as part of China. Some also criticized the lack of a Chinese representative within Blackpink’s management, YG Entertainment.


Debuting in 2016, the group experienced a breakthrough in China since 2020, despite political tensions between China and South Korea and a controversial ‘K-pop ban.’ Now though, this incident poses a potential threat to their Chinese fan base. Some fans expressed disappointment, and stated their intention to unfollow the group.


“I’ve been a fan of them for four years, but now it’s time for me to unfollow them,” commented a self-proclaimed longtime fan.


Nevertheless, a few Chinese fans defended their idols, suggesting that it’s a common practice to greet concertgoers of a specific city, and that others may be overreacting to a simple linguistic misunderstanding. After all, nobody has seen anything wrong with terms like ‘Shanghainese’ or ‘Cantonese.’


Neither Blackpink nor YG responded to the controversy, but their original Weibo post was edited, replacing ‘Macanese’ with ‘Macau.’

Their tweet posted on May 29 also reflected the change. Interestingly, Blackpink’s international fanbase on Twitter was more bewildered by a different term, ‘520,’ referring to May 20 as one of several Chinese Valentine’s Days. The term gained popularity due to the phonetic coincidence that ‘I love you’ (我爱你, wo ai ni) and ‘520’ sound similar in Mandarin.


Hope remains alive that cultural tensions between China and Korea will ease, with K-pop artists like Jay Park returning to the stage in China, and Chinese contestant Zhang Hao becoming the first non-Korean person to win a K-pop reality TV competition.


Blackpink’s most recent controversy underscores the challenges faced by K-pop artists in aligning politically and culturally with a Chinese fan base. Some, though, have succeeded, including artists like Jay Park, who strategically expanded his influence in China by releasing a single in Mandarin, and Jackson Wang who frequently introduces himself as “Jackson Wang from China.”


Cover image via Depositphotos

AI Deepfakes Are On the Rise in China

Mr. Guo didn’t suspect anything when his friend called him up for a favor. They hopped on a WeChat video call, where everything looked and sounded normal.


Guo’s friend mentioned he was bidding on a project in another city, and needed to pay 4.3 million RMB, around $570,000. The friend asked to use Guo’s company bank account for the transaction, and promised to send him the money first.


When Guo received a screenshot showing that the money had been deposited, he transferred the 4.3 million RMB.


Unfortunately, that recipient was not actually Guo’s friend.


The scammer was a deepfake, using AI to impersonate the friend’s voice and likeness in real time over video call. Guo contacted the police immediately when he realized he’d been scammed, and with the help of the bank, managed to block around 3.3 million RMB from being transferred. The other one million had already been received by the scammers.


“Fake video,” warns the text in an image posted by the Beijing Anti-Fraud Center, highlighting a recent deepfake scandal involving a popular influencer


Deepfake scams are on the rise in China as AI technology becomes more accessible, and the Beijing Anti-Fraud Center even claimed on WeChat that certain emerging AI scams have nearly a 100% success rate.


“How are we supposed to avoid these scams if we can’t even trust the reality of someone’s face and voice,” wrote one user on social media platform Weibo.


Voice and face cloning have become commonplace, and a simple search on Bilibili, a Chinese streaming site similar to YouTube, yields thousands of tutorials for free and easy ways to clone someone’s likeness. Celebrities and artists are some of the most popular subjects.


A content creator on Bilibili shows followers how to change from a “Greasy Uncle” into a “Fairy Girl” with AI


“Okay, I’ll use this trick to make money as a livestreamer in the future,” reads one sarcastic comment underneath a video demonstrating how to clone yourself into a ‘Fairy Girl.’


The commenter is referencing the recent phenomenon of livestreamers on Douyin, China’s version of TikTok, who use AI to transform themselves into popular celebrities in an effort to boost sales numbers. The practice has sparked debates about false advertising, and the legality of using someone else’s likeness.


Simliarly, just last month, a content creator on Bilibili cloned the voice of famous Singaporean Mando-pop singer Stefanie Sun, uploading videos of “Sun” singing hit songs from other artists like Faye Wong and Jay Chou. The videos racked up millions of views, but many questioned whether or not they infringed on the artists’ copyrights.


As official mouthpiece Global Times hilariously put it, “Beware: AI-generated singing voices pleasing to the ear.”

On May 23, Sun broke her silence and addressed the fast-rising videos.


In a statement, she expressed a sense of irony about fading into the past, while her AI clone emerges as a hot new commodity. Her long, personal post contemplated the rapid advancement of AI, asserting that it won’t be long before the technology completely eclipses the capabilities of humans.


“The new technology will be able to mass produce everything everyone needs,” she wrote. “No matter how niche, deviant, or unhinged you are, there’s going to be unique content created just for you. You are not special, you are already predictable, and unfortunately also malleable,” said Sun.


The singer referenced the multiverse of Academy Award-winning Everything Everywhere All At Once, but depressingly stated that she “doesn’t think love can save us this time.”


“In the boundless sea of existence, where anything is possible, where nothing matters, I think it will be enough to keep my purity of thought and be exactly who I am,” she wrote.


Cover images via Beijing Anti-Fraud Center, Bilibili